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Kamis, 24 Maret 2011

Active and Passive Sentences


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Definition
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.

Active Form
       : In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

Passive Form     : In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

Analysis
1)      Simple present tense
Active   : S + v1 (s/es) + O
Passive                 : O + to be + v3 + by S
2)      Present continuous
Active   : S + to be + v1 ing + O
Passive                 : O + to be + being + v3 + by S
3)      Present perfect
Active   : S + have/has + v3 + O
Passive : O + to be + being + v3 + by S
4)      Present perfect continuous
Active   : S + have/has + been + v1 ing + O
Passive : O + have/has + been + v3 + by S
5)      Past tense
Active   : S + v2 + O
Passive : O + was/were + v3 + by S
6)      Past continuous
Active   : S + was/were + v1 ing + O
Passive : O + was/were + being + v3 + by S
7)      Past perfect
Active   : S + had + v3 + O
Passive : O + had + been + v3 + by S
8)      Past perfect continuous
Active   : S + had been + v1 ing + O
Passive : O + had been + being + v3 + by S
9)      Simple future
Active   : S + modals + v1 + O
Passive : O + modals + be + v3 + by S
10)   Future continouos
Active   : S + modals be + v1 ing + O
Passive : O + modals be + being + v3 + by S
11)   Future perfect
Active   : S + modals + have + v3 + O
Passive : O + modals + have been + v3 + by S
12)   Future perfect continouos
Active   : S + modals + have been + v1 ing + O
Passive : O + modals + have been + being + v3 + by S
13)   Past future
Active   : S + modals past + v1 + O
Passive : O + modals past + be + v3 + by S
14)   Past future continouos
Active   : S + modals past + be + v1 ing + O
Passive : O + modals past + be + being + v3 + by S
15)   Past future perfect
Active   : S + modals past + have + v3 + O
Passive : O + modals + have been + v3 + by S
16)   Past future perfect continouos
Active   : S + modals past + have been + v1 ing + O
Passive : O + modals past + have been + being + v3 + by S

Example
a.       Simple present
Active   :  She sweeps the floor everyday
Passive : The floor is swept by her everyday
b.      Present continouos
Active   :  Sheila is sweeping the floor now
Passive : The floor is being swept by Sheila now
c.       Present perfect
Active   : Jane has swept the floor
Passive : The floor has been sweept by Jane
d.      Past tense
Active   : He swept the floor
Passive : The floor was swept by him
e.      Past continouos
Active   : They were sweeping the floor
Passive : The floor was being swept by them

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